Elettra HIGHLIGHTS 2024-2025

N 1s XPS a) b) c) d) Binding energy (eV) Binding energy (eV) Photon energy (eV) Photon energy (eV) L. Schio1, G. Bavdek1,2, C. Grazioli1, C. Obersnù1,3, A. Cossaro1,3, A. Goldoni4 A. Calloni5, A. Bossi6, G. Bussetti5, A. Orbelli Biroli7, A. Vittadini8, L. Floreano1 1 CNR – Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, Trieste, Italy 2 Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia 3 Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy 4 Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Trieste, Italy 5 Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy 6 CNR-SCITEC and SmartMatLab, Milano, Italy 7 Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy 8 CNR-ICMATE and Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy e-mail: floreano@iom.cnr.it; andrea.vittadini@unipd.it Acknowledgments AC acknowledges the financial support from the European Union – Next Generation EU, PNRR - M4C2, investment 1.1, and Fondo PRIN 2022, within project ‘Functionalized Surfaces by True Molecular Bottom-Up Growth’ (FUTURO), ID 2022FWZCHK, CUP D53D23009110006. AOB acknowledges support from the Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (MUR) and the University of Pavia through the program “Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2023–2027”. AV acknowledges the financial support from Next Generation EU from the Italian Ministry of Environment and Energy Security POR H2 AdP MMES/ENEA with involvement of CNR and RSE, PNRR - Mission 2, Component 2, Investment 3.5 “Ricerca e sviluppo sull'idrogeno”, CUP: B93C22000630006. AV acknowledges the computational resources of the C3P (Computational Chemistry Community in Padua) HPC facility of the Department of Chemical Sciences of the University of Padua. Original paper L. Schio et al., Nanoscale 16, 13071 (2024); DOI: 10.1039/D4NR01309C. Fig. 1 Figure 1. (a) N1s XPS measured at 515 eV for a sequence of molecular depositions. From top to bottom: DPNDI deposited on TiO2(110) at increasing coverage, DPNDI (1.9 Å) deposited on Zn-TPP, DPNDI (1.8 Å) on Cu-TPP, DPNDI (1.5 Å) on Co-TPP. All the spectra are scaled to the same intensity range. (b) Left panel: N K-edge NEXAFS recorded in p- and s-polarization (solid and dashed lines, respectively) for the three M-TPP systems (red, green and blue lines for Cu-, Co- and Zn-TPP), and after DPNDI deposition (brown). Right panel: reference NEXAFS of DPNDI directly grown on TiO2(110) at two different thicknesses (2 and 20 Å) with the same color code of XPS spectra (top half). On the bottom half are shown the DPNDI difference spectra obtained by subtraction of each M-TPP spectrum from the corresponding DPNDI/M-TPP one (same color code). (c) Drawing showing the coordination of the DPNDI molecule atop a M-TPP. (d) Side views of M-TPPads before and after coordination to pyridine: the blue arrow highlights the lifting of Zn by surface trans effect, which is absent for Cu. Distances are in Ångstrom. Surfaces and Interfaces Elettra Highlights 2024–2025 103

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