D. Choukroun1, S. Arnouts1,2, I. Napal3,4, G.T. Castilla5, J. Prieto5, N. Claes2 N. Daems1, S. Nappini3, E. Magnano3,7, G. Santoro8, S. Bals2, J.Á. Martín-Gago5 T. Breugelmans1 1 Applied Electrochemistry and Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium 2 Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) and Nanolight, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium 3 CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Trieste, Italy 4 Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy 5 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Madrid, Spain 6 Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia 7 Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM), CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain e-mail: Daniel.Choukroun@uantwerpen.be; tom.breugelmans@uantwerpen.be Acknowledgments We acknowledge financial support from NFFA-NEP - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101007417, proposal IDs 159 and 472. This work has been partially funded by grant No. PID2023-149077OB-C31 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and grant No. PLEC2021-007906 funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. Original paper Arnouts et al., Nano Lett. 2025, 25, 7, 2670; DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c05371. Fig. 1 Figure 1. (a) photograph of the catalyst layer-coated SiNx membrane; (b) schematic of the spectro-electrochemical XAS cell; (c) Cu L-edge spectra as a function of applied potential vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in 0.1 M NaOH; (d) corresponding cyclic voltammogram taken at 50 mV/s; (e) representative Pb underpotential deposition traces; (f) ratio of real to geometric surface area (roughness) as a function of loading for nonporous and nanoporous catalyst layers. Adapted with permission from Nano Lett. 2025, 25, 7, 2670–2677. Copyright 2025 American Chemical Society. (f) (e) (d) (c) (b) (a) Surfaces and Interfaces Elettra Highlights 2024–2025 111
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