Photon sources and instrumentation Figure 1. (a) Schematic of the seeded FEL setup for circular dichroism. A seed laser induces microbunching at 5.2 nm, generating coherent emission at 1.75 nm via six APPLE-type undulators. (b) Polarization tuning of the emitted harmonic. Figure 2. (a) MagneDyn setup: a [Fe(20 nm)Ni(80 nm)] permalloy film on 100 nm SiN, tilted 45° to the FEL beam, is placed between electromagnet poles; the field is parallel to the beam. Transmitted photons are diffracted by a conical grating, detected by an MCP, and imaged via CCD. First-order diffraction peaks of the fundamental and third harmonic are marked in blue and red. (b) Asymmetry ratio vs. Bx/By, normalized to FEL intensity. (c) XRMS setup at DiProi: circularly polarized FEL and IR pulses impinge at grazing angle θin, tuned to the AFM Bragg condition. Scattered x-rays are detected at θout, with Δθ= θout − θin; φ defines in-plane scattering. (d) Chiral intensity vs. φ for three pump-probe delays Δt. C. Spezzani1, A. Ravindran2, E. Allaria1, L. Badano1, R. Bhardwaj1, A. Brynes1, P. Capaldo2, A. Caretta1, P. Cinquegrana1, A. Contillo1, M. Danailov1, A. Demidovich1, S. Dal Zillo2, G. De Ninno1,2, B. Diviacco1, G. Kurdi1, D. Garzella1, G. Geloni3, L. Giannessi1,4, S. Laterza1, M. Manfredda1, I. Nikolov1, M. Pancaldi1,5, M. Pasqualetto1, E. Pedersoli1, G. Penco1, G. Perosa1,6, M. Prica1, L. Raimondi1, P. Rebernik Ribič1, C. Scafuri1, P. Sigalotti1, A. Simoncig1, F. Sottocorona1,6, S. Spampinati1, P. Susnjar1, F. Tripaldi1, M. Trovò1, M. Zangrando1,7, F. Capotondi1, N. Jaouen5,8, M. Malvestuto1, M. Sacchi8,9 1 Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy ² University of Nova Gorica, Ajdovščina, Slovenia ³ European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany ⁴ INFN National Laboratories of Frascati, Frascati, Italy ⁵ Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy ⁶ University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy ⁷ CNR Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Trieste, Italy ⁸ Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint Aubin, France ⁹ Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, Paris, France e-mail: giovanni.deninno@elettra.eu Acknowledgments N.J. and M.S. acknowledge funding from the Agence Nationale de la Recherhce (ANR, France) under Grants No. ANR-20-CE42-0012 (MEDYNA) and No. ANR-21-CE30-0037 (HELIMAG). This work received support from the GoToXFEL programme of the Centre National de la Recherche (CNRS, France). Original paper C. Spezzani et al., Phys. Rev. B 110, 174409 (2024) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevB.110.174409. Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Elettra Highlights 2024–2025 153
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