detector GdFe(20nm) sample probe pump pump λ: 8.3 nm data model F. Steinbach1, U. Atxitia2, K. Yao1, M. Borchert1, D. Engel1, F. Bencivenga3, L. Foglia3, R. Mincigrucci3, E. Pedersoli3, D. De Angelis3, M. Pancaldi3, D. Fainozzi3, J. S. Pelli Cresi3, E. Paltanin3, F. Capotondi3, C. Masciovecchio3, S. Eisebitt1,4, C. von Korff Schmising1 1 Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Berlin, Germany 2 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, Spain 3 Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Trieste, Italy 4 Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany e-mail: korff@mbi-berlin.de Acknowledgments We acknowledge Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. for providing access to its free-electron laser radiation. Financial support was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Project ID No. 328545488, TRR 227, Project No. A02. Original paper F. Steinbach et al., Nano Lett. 24, 6865 (2024); DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00129. Fig. 1 (a) (c) (b) (d) Figure 1. (a) Schematic of the transient grating experiment: two soft x-ray pulses interfere on the sample to generate a periodic excitation grating. A third pulse tuned to the magnetic resonance of Gd at 8.3 nm probes the spatial evolution of the magnetization. (b) Diffracted intensity of the nanoscale transient grating measured at a wavelength of 8.3 nm. The magnetization grating decays within approximately 3 ps due to nanoscale energy transfer; (c) Phase diagram of AOS showing how for decreasing grating periods, the required absorbed energy density for AOS increases. The smallest achievable grating period is then limited by the damage threshold of the magnetic film leading to a lower boundary for AOS of approximately 25 nm. (d) Artistic view of nanoscale AOS in transient grating experiments. Figures reprinted/adapted with permission from F. Steinbach et al., Nano Lett., 24, 6865 (2024). Copyright 2024 American Chemical Society. Structure and Dynamics Elettra Highlights 2024–2025 89
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